UNIT THREE: SCHOOLS:DIFFERENT AND ALIKE(pp.74-105)
LISTEN AND CONSIDER (pp.75-81)
Language outcomes (p.75)
Have the students skim through the preview before you move on to the Getting-started rubric.
Getting started (p.75)
The questions in this rubric are personalized and seek to elicit opinions. The varied answers could lead to a brief discussion about the theme of the unit.
Let’s hear it (p.76)
Task 1 (p.76)
A. Mr Harris went to see with the headmaster about his son in order to discuss about his son, William.
B. William has decided to become an artist.
C. He should/ought to choose something more secure.
D. The alternative job that could be taken up by William is that of commercial artist.
E. If he wanted to become a commercial artist, he might do very well to take an art course.
F. He shouldn’t stand in his way.
Task 2 (p.76)
The summary can be made on the basis of the answers to the questions in task 1. Make sure you limit the time for the students to do the task.
& nbsp;
Around the text ( pp.76-80)
Grammar explorer 1 (p.76)
A. 1. Type two 2. Type Two 3. Type Three 4.Type On
Refer the students to Grammar Reference in SE2 textbook, pp.201-2.
Task 1 (p.77)
If I were tall enough, I’d/would be a policeman or a firefighter.
If he had got the required marks, he would have gone on a training course to be a doctor. He wouldn’t have taken a course in computer science (instead).
If you work hard, you will succeed.
If you get your Baccalauréat, I’ll offer you a motorcycle.
If she had worked hard, she wouldn’t have failed her Baccalauréat examination.
If Farida had taken into account the job market at the time of her enrolment at university, she would have got a job. Or she wouldn’t have been jobless.
If you don’t study harder, you won’t pass your Baccalauréat. Or if you studied harder, you would pass your Baccalauréa with distinction.
Note if can be either in initial or mid position.
Task 2 (p.77)
Make sure the students produce a short, coherent statement. (Conditional type 2)
Grammar explorer II
A. present simple + future
B. b. ( If you don’t let him) /or except if.
C. c. (warning)
Task ( bottom of p.77)
A. Unless you study more, you won’t pass your Baccalauréat.
B. Unless you listen carefully, you won’t know what to do in your exam.
C. Unless we hurry, we ‘ll miss the school bus.
D. Unless she gets more information, she won’t complete h er project.
N.B Unless can be in mid position.
Grammar explorer III (p.78)
A. Wish about the past (sentence 3) past perfect
B. Wish about the present (sentences 1, 2, 4)
C. Wish about the future (sentence 5)
Task (p.78)
To be filled by students.
Grammar explorer IV (p.78)
1. A.advice B. advice C. advice D. obligation
2. must= have to . No they are not similar because mustn’t expresses prohibition whereas don’t have to expresses lack of obligation.
Task ( top of p.79)
1. must 2. don’t have to 3. mustn’t/must not 4.should/ought to
Vocabulary explorer (p.79)
Task 1 (p.79)
A. He is determined to become an artist (2)
B. He ought to engage in something more secure. (4)
C. I couldn’t have been a teacher myself if I was free to choose.
D. I don’t think you should prevent him doing what he wants.
Task 2 (pp.79-80)
A. Boarding school co-educational school
B. school mate - school report - school leaving age
C. attend school - drop out of school
D. comprehensive school - grammar school
E. public school - state school
F. compulsory education
G. further education, higher education
Task 3 (p.80)
A. Comprehensive schools are open for children over eleven of all abilities.
B. I have lost touch with most of my former school mates, except for Said.
C. The name public school is very illogical since it means a private school for the rich and privileged in Britain.
D. The Algerian educational system provides free and compulsory education until the age of sixteen.
E. The school leaving age in Britain and Australia is the same: sixteen.
F. As every school child knows, oil floats on water.
G. Compulsory education in Britain lasts from age five to age sixteen.
Task 4 ( p.80)
Educational - effective - selective - functional - practical - attractive - responsive - innovative - constructive
Pronunciation and spelling (p.81)
Use the weak forms of the modals.
Think, pair, share (p.81)
Poem no 1:
I wish words could come to me like whispers
And that I could compose better papers
English is the subject I like best
I wish it would help me pass the test.
Poem no 2:
I wish I could cope well enough
To work a miracle that day
Oh examiners don’t be tough
And let me just have my way.
Task 2 (bottom of p.81)
Make sure the students comply with the grammar rules and present a coherent and logical list of tips.
READ AND CONSIDER (pp.82- 90)
Language outcomes (p.82)
Instruct the students to skim through the preview so as to be acquainted with the objectives of this section.
Getting started (p.82)
Activate background knowledge.
1. Many possible answers. (General question)
2. Comprehensive school/ Grammar school/High school.
3. GCSE, BA/B.Sc, M.A/M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D.
Draw attention to the picture. It is a snapshot taken during a graduation ceremony. Focus on ceremonial dress: mortarboard and gown.
Taking a closer look (p.83)
Task 1 (p.83)
A. … because education has a lot of importance for the British people.
B. No, not all of them. Some of them receive their primary education at an infant school and then a junior school whereas others receive it at a primary school that combines the two.
C. c.selective
D. …in order to show how well individual schools have done in tests and exams.
Ideally all these answers should be voiced in the students’ own words.
Around the text (pp.84-88)
Grammar explorer 1 (p.84)
A. No subject has as much importance for the British people as that of education.< br>q Most citizens
q A great deal of money, a little (money)
q A lot of talk
q A lot of people
q The privileged few
q Some of them
q Some students
q A few others
B. See Grammar reference pp.216-217.
Grammar explorer II (p.85)
Comparatives of superiority
q At election time, politicians who promise to spend a great deal of money on education are more popular than those who promise.
q Secondary schools are much larger than primary schools.
q Students may have to travel longer distances by school bus or public transport.
N.B. comparatives of equality (with quantifiers)
q No subject has as much importance for the British people as that of education.
(Rewrite: For the British, no subject is as important as that of education.)
Comparatives of inferiority
This is the reason why private education is less accepted in Britain than it is in the United States.
Task 2 (p.85)
Refer the students to Grammar reference in SE2 textbook p.193.
Task 3 (p.85)
Many possible answers
Provide topic sentences for the students.
E;g. The middle school and the secondary school are different/differ in many of their aspects.
Grammar explorer III (p.86)
Similarities
q This requirement is more or less similar to what is required by American universities.
q It has made the current educational system < strong>different from the previous ones in at least two major aspects.
Differences/Contrast
Unlike the old system, the present system sets the same subjects for all state schools.
In contrast to the old practice, standards at individual schools are watched closely by inspectors.
Grammar explorer IV (p.86)
A. the form of the verb (auxiliary of be + past participle) + by+agent
B. Parents watch standards closely. Inspectors regularly visit schools.
C. The use of the passive is more tactful. We are more interested in the action than the agent of the action.
D. It is not awlays necessary to use the preposition by.
Task 1 (p.87)
Writing is regarded as a process by educationists. Students are required to examine closely the teacher’s instructions so as to understand the sort of composition they are expected to produce. The topic is brainstormed (by the students) in order to generate ideas. These ideas are jotted down in the form of diagrams such as network trees and spidermaps. Once the brainstorming is finished, the most relevant ideas are selected. The selected ideas are organised in a plan. A first draft composition is written to flesh out the plan. As soon as this is done, the draft is revised to correct errors in spelling and grammar. It is also revised in order to see whether it is coherent or not. Students are advised not to hand their compositions to the teacher before all mistakes are corrected.
Task 2 (p.87)
Have the students insert the sequencers. There are many possibilities.
Vocabulary explorer (p.87)
Task 1 (p.87)
Education - developing - instruction - beginning - learning -going - schooling - socialization - training - information - functioning
Task 2 (p.88)
Have the students fill in the map and add some items of their own.
Task 3 (p.88)
Karim took his Baccalauréat exam last June. If he passes it, he will go to university. But if he fails, he will take up a course in a vocational training school to become a plumber or an electrician. Now ask them to write a coherent paragraph, drawing from the completed mindmap.
Pronunciation and spelling (p.88)
Task 1 (p.88)
/S/
Students
United States
Tests
Subjects
Aspects
Sets
/Z/
Citizens
Politicians, combines,schools, towards, others, standards, tables, exams
/IZ/
ages
Task 2 (p.88)
verb
Educate
InSTRUCT
Form
TransFORM
Noun
EduCAtion
InsTRUCtion
ForMAtion
TransforMAtion
Stress shift (verb to noun ending in -tion)
Task 3 (p.89 Stress on the penultimate syllable.
Task 4 (p.89)
Funnier, younger - better- nicer - quieter - thinner - stronger
Think, pair, share (p.89)
Dear Linda,
Today, I’ll write to you about my school. And the least I can say is that I feel quite happy and comfortable in it.
First, let me mention its old stone building, surrounded by a nice flower garden. The flowers are carefully arranged, and in spring, they give off a nice scent when we head for the classes through the garden. Further back, there are two large courtyards with enough space and benches to play or relax. There are also big, ancient olive trees near the walls, where birds perch and nest. We can hear them warble and chirp all year round.
Let me also describe my classroom. It is large and well decorated, with old-fashioned brown desks, and posters and pictures all over the walls. And then, there are those cabinets full of books which smell of old paper. Actually, I lik e borrowing a book from to time and dream of all the adventures and mysteries I read about.
I’ll finally say a few words about my teachers. I’m lucky to have such good and considerate people around me. They are so keen to see the students do well. They are always prepared to answer our questions, and they really want to make sure we understand the hard parts of the lessons and exercises. I like the way teachers get us involved. They surely have children of their own at school, which explains why they understand how we feel.
So if there is one good reason why I like my school, it surely is because the teaching staff are so caring, and so friendly. I can’t dream of a better school!
Take a break
2. Mathematics 3. Geography, 4. Science, 5. English, 6. German,
7. History
Research and report (p.92)
The students can present the assignment in the form of a leaflet if it’s not possible for them to have it done in the form of a homepage.
LISTENING AND SPEAKING (pp.93-96)
Skills and strategies outcomes (p.93)
The students will skim through the preview so as to get acquainted with the objectives of this section.
Before listening (p.93)
Access students’ background knowledge.
1. The lady is Mary Curie. 2.She was born in Warsaw, Poland. 3.She is Polish. 4.She is in a laboratory doing an experiment. 5. Yes, because… No, because …
As you listen (p.94)
Task 1 (p.94)
Students check the answers to questions in task 1 .
See answers above.
Task 2 (p.94)
School inspector interrogating girl
Polish school room - Warsaw
Father: professor of physics - started teaching 18 (not 16) went: Paris
Task 3 (p.94)
Have the students skim through and discuss the text in the Coping box before setting them to task. Read the script paragraph by paragraph and try to have the students guess what comes next after each pause. You can help the students with a diagram containing wh-words: who, what, where, when, how, why because the listening script is a narrative.
N.B. Note taking can be supplemented by note making i.e., briefly jotting down one’s reactions and ideas about the text.
Task 4 (p.94)
N.B. Taking notes is essential in order to remember what one listens to or reads, but it has a further use: when taking notes, it is necessary to establish the structure of the text and its key ideas and to learn to leave out unessential information.
In making summaries, too, minor details must be omitted, but
q a summary is usually written in one’s words.
q it does not necessarily imply outlining the structure of the text, as note- taking usually does.
q it should be an accurate and objective account of the text, leaving out our reactions to it whereas note taking ( as mentioned above) can be supplemented by note making.
Possible summary
This story recounts the life of Marie Curie, born Manya Sklodovsky in Poland occupied then by Russia. Curie experienced many hardships during her childhood. She lost her mother at an early age, and her father, a professor of physics, had problems with Russian rulers. Though she was close to her father, she left him and went to Paris. She made heavy sacrifices to pursue her further studies. Marie obtained a doctorate from the university (Paris)&nb sp; and married Professor Curie. Both of them were attracted to each other because they had similar interests in physics.
N.B. Make sure you limit the time devoted to the oral presentation of the summary (2 to 3 minutes).
After listening (p.34)
Task 1 (p.94)
This task here is not one of summarizing since it involves the expression of students’ reactions to the text. It is rather a commentary. See note making above.
Possible answer
I find Marie Curie’s life story very moving. It reminds me of colonial education in Algeria. The thing I liked best about it was the courage that Marie showed in her pursuit of knowledge. Another thing I liked about it was the dignity that Marie maintained in spite of all the problems she faced in Paris. What I didn’t like was the behaviour of the Russian school inspector. I think the lesson that the author wanted to teach us was that women are as dedicated to science as men.
Task 2 (p.95)
Possible answer
Today’s lecture is about education in India. India was a British colony. It re-gained its independence on August 15, 1947. At independence, it had 12,843 primary schools, 636 colleges and 17 universities. Only 14 % of its population were literate. The total expenditure on education did not go beyond 570 million rupees then. Education in India has witnessed a tremendous improvement since independence. According to the education census of 1996, the number of primary schools reached 600,000, that of colleges 7,000 and that of universities 211. The literacy for age groups between 6 and11 was 94% whereas the overall literacy stood at 52,11 %. Education expenditure was 200,000 million rupees. …
Saying it in writing (p.95)
You tell me to decide what my ideal school would be like if I could plan one. Well, I say my ideal school would be a school where students would be free to choose what they like to study. It would have many classrooms, and each classroom would be equipped with computers….
READING AND WRITING (pp.97-102)
Skills and strategies outcomes (p.97)
The students will go through the preview so as to get acquainted with the objectives of the section.
Before reading (p.97)
Access background knowledge. Pay more attention to secondary and postsecondary education. Encourage the students to use link words to express comparison and contrast.
As you read (p.98)
Tasks 1 and 2 (p.98)
(Although in general Americans prefer … between the ages of 5 and 18.) §1 The government and education
(Formal education is usually considered … the cost for people who live in the state. ) §2 The school system
(By some standards …. are illiterate). §3 (The quality of education )
Most educational institutions are public… so that they will have advantages later in life.) §4 (Types of education)
Americans agree on the importance of education…their beliefs.) §5
(Points of conflict)
The odd one out is Education in the US (which is the title of the text)
Task 2 (p.99)
( Although there is a Federal Department of Education… concession)
(Since the Constitution does not state that education is a responsibility of the Federal Government… cause ) As a result, each of the 50 states is free to determine …effect). In turn, however, state constitutions give actual control… concession)…. By contrast to other countries … contrast), there is, therefore, (consequence) a very large amount of local control over education in the United States.
However (contrast) in relation to the first paragraph), because local and state taxes support the public schools, ….cause) there are significant differences in the quality of education (effect). States and communities that are able or willing to pay more for schools, buildings, materials, and teachers almost always have better educational systems than those that cannot or do not. Thus (deduction) for example (exemplification), the average expenditure per pupil for secondary education in the U.S. was $4,000 in 1986. But (contrast) some states such as Alaska, New Jersey, and Wyoming spent more than 5,000 per pupil. In order to reduce the differences in the quality of education, (purpose) the Federal government sometimes provides special funds to poorer areas and school districts. But (contrast) in general Americans are worried that more Federal help could eventually lead to less independence and less control in state education.
After reading (p.100)
Task 1 (p.100)
A. Yes, because they make the inter-sentence and inter-paragraph relationships more explicit.
B. Unlike= contrary to/ in contrast to/by contrast to
Since= because/as
As a result= as a consequence/consequently/ so, thus/hence
By contrast= contrary to /unlike
However: yet
Thus: So
For example= for instance
In order to= to, so as to
But= yet/however
C.mind the students that it is not necessary to use link words when the meaning relationship between sentences and paragraphs is explicit. Apart from but, and, so, yet and however, the other link words should be used sparingly. For example, As a result in the clause ‘As a result, each of the 50 states is free to determine its own system for its own public schools is not really needed.’ We can have two indepedent clauses instead. The other link words that can omitted are: therefore, however, thus, and for example.
D. We can link the first sentence with the second sentence of the paragraph with because.
Task 2 (101)
The order of the sentences depend on whether the emphasis is on cause or effect.
(D) The idea of continuing or lifelong education has become more important than ever before because (B) the job market is changing rapidly as a result of technological advance. (A) This idea is more or less accepted all over the world (E) as people are afraid of losing their jobs if they don’t keep upgrading and updating their occupational skills. (C) Today, many adults go back to school to broaden their knowledge and learn something they enjoy doing. (F) But in the near future, all of them will return to school mostly for occupational reasons.
_______________________________________
(B) The job market is changing rapidly as a result of technological advance. That is the reason why/so/consequently/as a consequence (D)the idea of continuing or lifelong education has become more important than ever before. This idea is more or less accepted all over the world because (E) people are afraid of losing their jobs if they don’t keep upgrading and updating their occupational skills. If, (C) today many people go back to school to broaden their knowledge and learn something they enjoy doing, (F) in the future, all of them will return to school mostly for occupational reasons.
LISTEN AND CONSIDER (pp.75-81)
Language outcomes (p.75)
Have the students skim through the preview before you move on to the Getting-started rubric.
Getting started (p.75)
The questions in this rubric are personalized and seek to elicit opinions. The varied answers could lead to a brief discussion about the theme of the unit.
Let’s hear it (p.76)
Task 1 (p.76)
A. Mr Harris went to see with the headmaster about his son in order to discuss about his son, William.
B. William has decided to become an artist.
C. He should/ought to choose something more secure.
D. The alternative job that could be taken up by William is that of commercial artist.
E. If he wanted to become a commercial artist, he might do very well to take an art course.
F. He shouldn’t stand in his way.
Task 2 (p.76)
The summary can be made on the basis of the answers to the questions in task 1. Make sure you limit the time for the students to do the task.
& nbsp;
Around the text ( pp.76-80)
Grammar explorer 1 (p.76)
A. 1. Type two 2. Type Two 3. Type Three 4.Type On
Refer the students to Grammar Reference in SE2 textbook, pp.201-2.
Task 1 (p.77)
If I were tall enough, I’d/would be a policeman or a firefighter.
If he had got the required marks, he would have gone on a training course to be a doctor. He wouldn’t have taken a course in computer science (instead).
If you work hard, you will succeed.
If you get your Baccalauréat, I’ll offer you a motorcycle.
If she had worked hard, she wouldn’t have failed her Baccalauréat examination.
If Farida had taken into account the job market at the time of her enrolment at university, she would have got a job. Or she wouldn’t have been jobless.
If you don’t study harder, you won’t pass your Baccalauréat. Or if you studied harder, you would pass your Baccalauréa with distinction.
Note if can be either in initial or mid position.
Task 2 (p.77)
Make sure the students produce a short, coherent statement. (Conditional type 2)
Grammar explorer II
A. present simple + future
B. b. ( If you don’t let him) /or except if.
C. c. (warning)
Task ( bottom of p.77)
A. Unless you study more, you won’t pass your Baccalauréat.
B. Unless you listen carefully, you won’t know what to do in your exam.
C. Unless we hurry, we ‘ll miss the school bus.
D. Unless she gets more information, she won’t complete h er project.
N.B Unless can be in mid position.
Grammar explorer III (p.78)
A. Wish about the past (sentence 3) past perfect
B. Wish about the present (sentences 1, 2, 4)
C. Wish about the future (sentence 5)
Task (p.78)
To be filled by students.
Grammar explorer IV (p.78)
1. A.advice B. advice C. advice D. obligation
2. must= have to . No they are not similar because mustn’t expresses prohibition whereas don’t have to expresses lack of obligation.
Task ( top of p.79)
1. must 2. don’t have to 3. mustn’t/must not 4.should/ought to
Vocabulary explorer (p.79)
Task 1 (p.79)
A. He is determined to become an artist (2)
B. He ought to engage in something more secure. (4)
C. I couldn’t have been a teacher myself if I was free to choose.
D. I don’t think you should prevent him doing what he wants.
Task 2 (pp.79-80)
A. Boarding school co-educational school
B. school mate - school report - school leaving age
C. attend school - drop out of school
D. comprehensive school - grammar school
E. public school - state school
F. compulsory education
G. further education, higher education
Task 3 (p.80)
A. Comprehensive schools are open for children over eleven of all abilities.
B. I have lost touch with most of my former school mates, except for Said.
C. The name public school is very illogical since it means a private school for the rich and privileged in Britain.
D. The Algerian educational system provides free and compulsory education until the age of sixteen.
E. The school leaving age in Britain and Australia is the same: sixteen.
F. As every school child knows, oil floats on water.
G. Compulsory education in Britain lasts from age five to age sixteen.
Task 4 ( p.80)
Educational - effective - selective - functional - practical - attractive - responsive - innovative - constructive
Pronunciation and spelling (p.81)
Use the weak forms of the modals.
Think, pair, share (p.81)
Poem no 1:
I wish words could come to me like whispers
And that I could compose better papers
English is the subject I like best
I wish it would help me pass the test.
Poem no 2:
I wish I could cope well enough
To work a miracle that day
Oh examiners don’t be tough
And let me just have my way.
Task 2 (bottom of p.81)
Make sure the students comply with the grammar rules and present a coherent and logical list of tips.
READ AND CONSIDER (pp.82- 90)
Language outcomes (p.82)
Instruct the students to skim through the preview so as to be acquainted with the objectives of this section.
Getting started (p.82)
Activate background knowledge.
1. Many possible answers. (General question)
2. Comprehensive school/ Grammar school/High school.
3. GCSE, BA/B.Sc, M.A/M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D.
Draw attention to the picture. It is a snapshot taken during a graduation ceremony. Focus on ceremonial dress: mortarboard and gown.
Taking a closer look (p.83)
Task 1 (p.83)
A. … because education has a lot of importance for the British people.
B. No, not all of them. Some of them receive their primary education at an infant school and then a junior school whereas others receive it at a primary school that combines the two.
C. c.selective
D. …in order to show how well individual schools have done in tests and exams.
Ideally all these answers should be voiced in the students’ own words.
Around the text (pp.84-88)
Grammar explorer 1 (p.84)
A. No subject has as much importance for the British people as that of education.< br>q Most citizens
q A great deal of money, a little (money)
q A lot of talk
q A lot of people
q The privileged few
q Some of them
q Some students
q A few others
B. See Grammar reference pp.216-217.
Grammar explorer II (p.85)
Comparatives of superiority
q At election time, politicians who promise to spend a great deal of money on education are more popular than those who promise.
q Secondary schools are much larger than primary schools.
q Students may have to travel longer distances by school bus or public transport.
N.B. comparatives of equality (with quantifiers)
q No subject has as much importance for the British people as that of education.
(Rewrite: For the British, no subject is as important as that of education.)
Comparatives of inferiority
This is the reason why private education is less accepted in Britain than it is in the United States.
Task 2 (p.85)
Refer the students to Grammar reference in SE2 textbook p.193.
Task 3 (p.85)
Many possible answers
Provide topic sentences for the students.
E;g. The middle school and the secondary school are different/differ in many of their aspects.
Grammar explorer III (p.86)
Similarities
q This requirement is more or less similar to what is required by American universities.
q It has made the current educational system < strong>different from the previous ones in at least two major aspects.
Differences/Contrast
Unlike the old system, the present system sets the same subjects for all state schools.
In contrast to the old practice, standards at individual schools are watched closely by inspectors.
Grammar explorer IV (p.86)
A. the form of the verb (auxiliary of be + past participle) + by+agent
B. Parents watch standards closely. Inspectors regularly visit schools.
C. The use of the passive is more tactful. We are more interested in the action than the agent of the action.
D. It is not awlays necessary to use the preposition by.
Task 1 (p.87)
Writing is regarded as a process by educationists. Students are required to examine closely the teacher’s instructions so as to understand the sort of composition they are expected to produce. The topic is brainstormed (by the students) in order to generate ideas. These ideas are jotted down in the form of diagrams such as network trees and spidermaps. Once the brainstorming is finished, the most relevant ideas are selected. The selected ideas are organised in a plan. A first draft composition is written to flesh out the plan. As soon as this is done, the draft is revised to correct errors in spelling and grammar. It is also revised in order to see whether it is coherent or not. Students are advised not to hand their compositions to the teacher before all mistakes are corrected.
Task 2 (p.87)
Have the students insert the sequencers. There are many possibilities.
Vocabulary explorer (p.87)
Education - developing - instruction - beginning - learning -going - schooling - socialization - training - information - functioning
Task 2 (p.88)
Have the students fill in the map and add some items of their own.
Task 3 (p.88)
Karim took his Baccalauréat exam last June. If he passes it, he will go to university. But if he fails, he will take up a course in a vocational training school to become a plumber or an electrician. Now ask them to write a coherent paragraph, drawing from the completed mindmap.
Pronunciation and spelling (p.88)
Task 1 (p.88)
/S/
Students
United States
Tests
Subjects
Aspects
Sets
/Z/
Citizens
Politicians, combines,schools, towards, others, standards, tables, exams
/IZ/
ages
Task 2 (p.88)
verb
Educate
InSTRUCT
Form
TransFORM
Noun
EduCAtion
InsTRUCtion
ForMAtion
TransforMAtion
Stress shift (verb to noun ending in -tion)
Task 3 (p.89 Stress on the penultimate syllable.
Task 4 (p.89)
Funnier, younger - better- nicer - quieter - thinner - stronger
Think, pair, share (p.89)
Dear Linda,
Today, I’ll write to you about my school. And the least I can say is that I feel quite happy and comfortable in it.
First, let me mention its old stone building, surrounded by a nice flower garden. The flowers are carefully arranged, and in spring, they give off a nice scent when we head for the classes through the garden. Further back, there are two large courtyards with enough space and benches to play or relax. There are also big, ancient olive trees near the walls, where birds perch and nest. We can hear them warble and chirp all year round.
Let me also describe my classroom. It is large and well decorated, with old-fashioned brown desks, and posters and pictures all over the walls. And then, there are those cabinets full of books which smell of old paper. Actually, I lik e borrowing a book from to time and dream of all the adventures and mysteries I read about.
I’ll finally say a few words about my teachers. I’m lucky to have such good and considerate people around me. They are so keen to see the students do well. They are always prepared to answer our questions, and they really want to make sure we understand the hard parts of the lessons and exercises. I like the way teachers get us involved. They surely have children of their own at school, which explains why they understand how we feel.
So if there is one good reason why I like my school, it surely is because the teaching staff are so caring, and so friendly. I can’t dream of a better school!
Take a break
2. Mathematics 3. Geography, 4. Science, 5. English, 6. German,
7. History
Research and report (p.92)
The students can present the assignment in the form of a leaflet if it’s not possible for them to have it done in the form of a homepage.
LISTENING AND SPEAKING (pp.93-96)
Skills and strategies outcomes (p.93)
The students will skim through the preview so as to get acquainted with the objectives of this section.
Before listening (p.93)
Access students’ background knowledge.
1. The lady is Mary Curie. 2.She was born in Warsaw, Poland. 3.She is Polish. 4.She is in a laboratory doing an experiment. 5. Yes, because… No, because …
As you listen (p.94)
Task 1 (p.94)
Students check the answers to questions in task 1 .
See answers above.
Task 2 (p.94)
School inspector interrogating girl
Polish school room - Warsaw
Father: professor of physics - started teaching 18 (not 16) went: Paris
Task 3 (p.94)
Have the students skim through and discuss the text in the Coping box before setting them to task. Read the script paragraph by paragraph and try to have the students guess what comes next after each pause. You can help the students with a diagram containing wh-words: who, what, where, when, how, why because the listening script is a narrative.
N.B. Note taking can be supplemented by note making i.e., briefly jotting down one’s reactions and ideas about the text.
Task 4 (p.94)
N.B. Taking notes is essential in order to remember what one listens to or reads, but it has a further use: when taking notes, it is necessary to establish the structure of the text and its key ideas and to learn to leave out unessential information.
In making summaries, too, minor details must be omitted, but
q a summary is usually written in one’s words.
q it does not necessarily imply outlining the structure of the text, as note- taking usually does.
q it should be an accurate and objective account of the text, leaving out our reactions to it whereas note taking ( as mentioned above) can be supplemented by note making.
Possible summary
This story recounts the life of Marie Curie, born Manya Sklodovsky in Poland occupied then by Russia. Curie experienced many hardships during her childhood. She lost her mother at an early age, and her father, a professor of physics, had problems with Russian rulers. Though she was close to her father, she left him and went to Paris. She made heavy sacrifices to pursue her further studies. Marie obtained a doctorate from the university (Paris)&nb sp; and married Professor Curie. Both of them were attracted to each other because they had similar interests in physics.
N.B. Make sure you limit the time devoted to the oral presentation of the summary (2 to 3 minutes).
After listening (p.34)
Task 1 (p.94)
This task here is not one of summarizing since it involves the expression of students’ reactions to the text. It is rather a commentary. See note making above.
Possible answer
I find Marie Curie’s life story very moving. It reminds me of colonial education in Algeria. The thing I liked best about it was the courage that Marie showed in her pursuit of knowledge. Another thing I liked about it was the dignity that Marie maintained in spite of all the problems she faced in Paris. What I didn’t like was the behaviour of the Russian school inspector. I think the lesson that the author wanted to teach us was that women are as dedicated to science as men.
Task 2 (p.95)
Possible answer
Today’s lecture is about education in India. India was a British colony. It re-gained its independence on August 15, 1947. At independence, it had 12,843 primary schools, 636 colleges and 17 universities. Only 14 % of its population were literate. The total expenditure on education did not go beyond 570 million rupees then. Education in India has witnessed a tremendous improvement since independence. According to the education census of 1996, the number of primary schools reached 600,000, that of colleges 7,000 and that of universities 211. The literacy for age groups between 6 and11 was 94% whereas the overall literacy stood at 52,11 %. Education expenditure was 200,000 million rupees. …
Saying it in writing (p.95)
You tell me to decide what my ideal school would be like if I could plan one. Well, I say my ideal school would be a school where students would be free to choose what they like to study. It would have many classrooms, and each classroom would be equipped with computers….
READING AND WRITING (pp.97-102)
Skills and strategies outcomes (p.97)
The students will go through the preview so as to get acquainted with the objectives of the section.
Before reading (p.97)
Access background knowledge. Pay more attention to secondary and postsecondary education. Encourage the students to use link words to express comparison and contrast.
As you read (p.98)
Tasks 1 and 2 (p.98)
(Although in general Americans prefer … between the ages of 5 and 18.) §1 The government and education
(Formal education is usually considered … the cost for people who live in the state. ) §2 The school system
(By some standards …. are illiterate). §3 (The quality of education )
Most educational institutions are public… so that they will have advantages later in life.) §4 (Types of education)
Americans agree on the importance of education…their beliefs.) §5
(Points of conflict)
The odd one out is Education in the US (which is the title of the text)
Task 2 (p.99)
( Although there is a Federal Department of Education… concession)
(Since the Constitution does not state that education is a responsibility of the Federal Government… cause ) As a result, each of the 50 states is free to determine …effect). In turn, however, state constitutions give actual control… concession)…. By contrast to other countries … contrast), there is, therefore, (consequence) a very large amount of local control over education in the United States.
However (contrast) in relation to the first paragraph), because local and state taxes support the public schools, ….cause) there are significant differences in the quality of education (effect). States and communities that are able or willing to pay more for schools, buildings, materials, and teachers almost always have better educational systems than those that cannot or do not. Thus (deduction) for example (exemplification), the average expenditure per pupil for secondary education in the U.S. was $4,000 in 1986. But (contrast) some states such as Alaska, New Jersey, and Wyoming spent more than 5,000 per pupil. In order to reduce the differences in the quality of education, (purpose) the Federal government sometimes provides special funds to poorer areas and school districts. But (contrast) in general Americans are worried that more Federal help could eventually lead to less independence and less control in state education.
After reading (p.100)
Task 1 (p.100)
A. Yes, because they make the inter-sentence and inter-paragraph relationships more explicit.
B. Unlike= contrary to/ in contrast to/by contrast to
Since= because/as
As a result= as a consequence/consequently/ so, thus/hence
By contrast= contrary to /unlike
However: yet
Thus: So
For example= for instance
In order to= to, so as to
But= yet/however
C.mind the students that it is not necessary to use link words when the meaning relationship between sentences and paragraphs is explicit. Apart from but, and, so, yet and however, the other link words should be used sparingly. For example, As a result in the clause ‘As a result, each of the 50 states is free to determine its own system for its own public schools is not really needed.’ We can have two indepedent clauses instead. The other link words that can omitted are: therefore, however, thus, and for example.
D. We can link the first sentence with the second sentence of the paragraph with because.
Task 2 (101)
The order of the sentences depend on whether the emphasis is on cause or effect.
(D) The idea of continuing or lifelong education has become more important than ever before because (B) the job market is changing rapidly as a result of technological advance. (A) This idea is more or less accepted all over the world (E) as people are afraid of losing their jobs if they don’t keep upgrading and updating their occupational skills. (C) Today, many adults go back to school to broaden their knowledge and learn something they enjoy doing. (F) But in the near future, all of them will return to school mostly for occupational reasons.
_______________________________________
(B) The job market is changing rapidly as a result of technological advance. That is the reason why/so/consequently/as a consequence (D)the idea of continuing or lifelong education has become more important than ever before. This idea is more or less accepted all over the world because (E) people are afraid of losing their jobs if they don’t keep upgrading and updating their occupational skills. If, (C) today many people go back to school to broaden their knowledge and learn something they enjoy doing, (F) in the future, all of them will return to school mostly for occupational reasons.
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