GRAMMAR & RULES & EXERCISES
COLLECTED BY"GUELLIL MABROUK"
Contents (click below links).................................pro. English/high education
I/exercises
Unit One: articles and NounsII/answers key
Unit One: articles and Nouns
Answer Key
Unit Eleven: Present and Past Participles
Proofreading Exercise
Correct the errors in the use of articles, nouns, verb forms (including infinitives, gerunds, and present and
past participles), punctuation and sentence structure, and word forms in the following essay (The types and
numbers of errors are indicated at the end of each paragraph of the essay):
In humans, shyness is a feeling of insecurity that certain people experience while being among others,
talking with others, asking favors of others, etc. I think shyness itself originates after a person has
experienced physical anxiety. There could be other ideas why a person is shy. Another example may be she
or he was raised in a certain environment that caused the development of shyness. This concept is directly
connected with one of the characters in the play “The Glass Menagerie” - Laura Wingfield. Laura, with her
paralyzing shyness, chooses to avoid social situations because they have no reward for her, and she finds
the extra sensory input overwhelming. Laura fears such situations and feels that she has to avoid them. And
in order to avoid this world of reality, she creates her own imaginary reality. The Glass Menagerie - Laura’s
private world.
Laura Wingfield is a daughter whose childhood illness has left her crippled. Stemming from this,
Laura’s separation increases until she is like a piece of her own glass collection, too fragile to move from the
shelf. Laura’s mother Amanda says, “Laura! Why, Laura, you are sick, darling! Tom, help your sister into the
living room, dear! … Is Laura all right now?” Amanda says this to Laura when she felt sick during the visit of
a gentleman caller. Laura’s shyness makes her very uncomfortable, and instead of having a good time in the
new company, she feels sick. She decides to stay on a couch alone with her glass collection. The collection
of glass represents her own private world. Set apart from reality, a place where she can hide and be safe.
Jim, the gentleman caller says to Laura, “You know what I judge to be the trouble with you? Inferiority complex!
Know what that is? That’s what they call it when someone low-rates himself! I understand it because I had it
too. Although my case was not so aggravated as yours seems to be. … Think of yourself as superior in some
way!” He tries to give ___ advice to Laura and to help her. In response
, Laura shows Jim her glass unicorn.
Laura points out to Jim that the unicorn is different, just as she is different. She also points out that the
unicorn does not complain about being different, as she does not complain either. And when Jim accidentally
breaks the horn off the unicorn, Laura points out that now it is like the other horses, just as Laura has shed
some of her shyness and become more normal: “I’ll just imagine he had an operation. The horn was removed
to make him feel less - freakish! Now he will feel more at home with the other horses, the ones that don’t have
horns.” Laura comes close to Jim during their conversation. They dance, they kiss. But Jim’s revelation that
he is engaged to be married is devastating, and pushes Laura back into her world, the world of her
imagination.
I spent some time thinking who could be as shy as Laura and I didn’t come up either with a movie
character or with a live example. I guess people like Laura don’t live an ordinary life, meet people, have
friends, socialize with them. They stay away from reality. However, I have found an interesting fact in our local
newspaper. Research in the United States indicates that shyness is highest among Asian Americans and
lowest among Jewish Americans. One explanation for the cultural difference between Japanese and Israelis
lies in the ways each culture deals with attributing credit for success and blame for failure. In Japan, an
individual’s performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and
others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person. In Israel, the situation is entirely reversed. Failure is
externally attributed to parents, teachers, coaches, friends, anti-Semitism, and other things, while
performance success is credited to the individual.
In conclusion, there are people like Laura in this world. For example, a shyness clinic exists which is
located in Los Altos, California. This clinic offers a broad spectrum of psychotherapeutic services for
shyness and social phobia. While scientists study and try to create technologies to solve this problem, I think
shyness itself can be solved by challenging automatic thoughts and beliefs, and learning new behaviors.
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