GRAMMAR & RULES & EXERCISES
COLLECTED BY"GUELLIL MABROUK"
Contents (click below links).................................pro. English/high education
I/exercises
Unit One: articles and NounsII/answers key
Unit One: articles and Nouns
Unit Nine: Infinitives & Gerunds
Infinitives and gerunds as subjects of a verb
The infinitive form of verbs (e.g., to study) or the ing-form (e.g., studying) can sometimes be used as the
subject of a verb as in the following examples (When the ing-form is used in this way, as a noun, it is called
a gerund):
To study English is important.
Studying English is important.
To get a good education is a good idea.
Getting a good education is a good idea.
Note that instead of beginning a sentence with an infinitive verb form, we often begin with the word It and
move the infinitive phrase to the end, as in the following examples:
It is important to study English.
It is a good idea to get a good education.
Grammar Exercise One
Make up five sentences beginning with infinitive phrases and five sentences beginning with gerund
phrases as subjects of the verb. You could complete the sentences with words such as the following:
____________________ is good.
(Instead of the word good, you could use other words or phrases such as the following: bad, good for my
health, bad for my health, important, fun, difficult, hard, easy, enjoyable, interesting, annoying, boring, exciting,
harmful, dangerous, illegal, wrong, necessary, required, advisable, a good idea, a bad idea, optional, useful,
helpful)
Infinitives and gerunds as objects of a verb
Some English verbs may be followed by infinitive verb forms, some verbs or expressions with prepositions
may be followed by gerunds, and other verbs may be followed by either infinitives or gerunds, as in the
following examples:
1) Verbs that may be followed by infinitives:
My teacher advised me to hand in my work on time.
I asked my friend John to help me with my essay assignment.
I want to go back to my native country for a visit this summer.
Note that the verbs let, make, and have are often followed by an object and then by an infinitive without the
word “to,” as in the following examples:
Mary’s parents let her stay out late.
John’s parents make him study every night.
I had my mechanic fix my car yesterday.
2) Verbs that may be followed by gerunds:
I enjoy playing the guitar.
I appreciated your helping me clean my apartment.
I want to delay making a decision about this matter.
3) Expressions with prepositions that may be followed by gerunds:
I am accustomed to taking the subway to school.
I am interested in learning Spanish.
Parents try to prevent their children from getting into trouble.
4) Verbs that may be followed by either infinitives or gerunds:
I like to listen to music.
I like listening to music.
I hate to wake up early in the morning.
I hate waking up early in the morning.
I love to dance.
I love dancing.
Grammar Exercise Two
Make up ten sentences with verbs followed by infinitive verb forms. You could use the following verbs
which are used with infinitives:
advise s.o. (someone) expect need
agree forbid s.o. order s.o.
allow s.o. force s.o. permit s.o.
arrange get s.o. plan
ask s.o. have s.o. persuade s.o.
cause s.o. help s.o. require s.o.
come hope teach s.o. how
convince s.o. intend tell s.o.
decide invite s.o. want
deserve know how would like
encourage s.o. learn how
Grammar Exercise Three
Make up ten sentences with verbs followed by gerunds. You could use the following verbs which are used
with gerunds:
appreciate someone’s enjoy prevent
avoid finish quit
can’t help keep recall
consider mind regret
delay miss remember
deny postpone risk
discuss practice stop
Grammar Exercise Four
Make up ten sentences with expressions with prepositions followed by gerunds. You could use the
following expressions with prepositions which are used with gerunds:
accuse someone of be tired of help with
apologize for be used to insist on
approve of someone’s believe in keep someone from
be accustomed to concentrate on look forward to
be afraid of depend on object to
be capable of dream of prevent someone from
be excited about feel like stop someone from
be fond of forgive someone for succeed in
be interested in get around to talk about
be responsible for think about read about
Grammar Observation Exercise
Notice the use of infinitives and gerunds in the following sentences (These are not errors, but examples of
correct use of infinitives and gerunds by students):
1. My mother loves to take care of us.
2. I don’t have time to make friends.
3. He didn’t have any chance to find a job.
4. She doesn’t allow her illness to stop her from attending college.
5. People used illegal tricks to make money, such as robbing, selling drugs, and
kidnapping.
6. I enjoyed traveling and learning the history of many places.
7. Jing Mei’s mother wants her daughter to do everything her way.
8. The mother makes her daughter play the piano.
9. The daughter says about her mother, “I won’t let her change me!”
10. These stories give you a lot of ideas to write about.
11. How about remembering some moments of life with a person who has passed away?
12. He was just starting to live and build his life.
13. We have to learn how to overcome our problems.
14. Everybody wants to have a good father.
15. The father never ordered the children to do things.
16. My father didn’t have time to play with me.
17. My father decided to bring me to take an eye exam.
18. Why don’t you like to talk to me?
19. The reality of death should make us try to enjoy every single day of our life.
20. Friends kept coming, trying to fill up the house.
21. She must stop thinking about her mother’s death.
22. Losing a family member is painful.
23. Many Chinese girls don’t have the opportunity to study.
24. Some people want to keep doing things the old fashioned way.
Proofreading Exercise
Correct the errors in the use of articles, nouns, verb forms (including infinitives and gerunds), punctuation and
sentence structure, and word forms in the following essay (The types and numbers of errors are indicated at
the end of paragraphs):
Men get marry with women because they love each other and understand each other, so they would
like to live together. However, some marriages are not good, and it will not bring happiness to women.
In ancient times, marriage always is bridge to get money and status. Ancient people believed that
the men were better than women, therefore, there were not rule for women to go to school and to choose
their own happiness. Women had to stay at home before they married. And had to do housework, and took
care of their children when they had married, but they did not have happy in marriage. In ancient China,
there was law for men who were allow to get marry with more than one woman. So nobody would think about
those women’s happiness, because they had to share their husband with other woman when they had
married. So most of these women would quarrel and hurt each other to get their position every day,
moreover, most women had married someone who was older than her, by more than ten years, so when
they live together, there were no communicate, and the feelings of these women were controlled by men.
However, no one would care about women’s happiness in that society. There are two kinds of people let
their daughters get marry with someone they does not love and older than them: One is to make more
money and get higher status, such as letting their daughters get marry with king, the other is to avoid
threats that the government made, because in ancient China, there were some governors will punish
people who do not let their daughters get marry with them.
(a-4, pl-2, v-20, p-4, wf-2)
In modern times, marriage become more free and fair women have chance to choose their own
happiness. However, there still is women use their marriages to make more money and get higher status.
For example, woman wants to marry a man because he is rich, so she will not care about anything, even
though marry an old man. That kind of woman is foolish, because she does not know what marriage is, she
thought that money and status will be more important than her happiness. Therefore, she has no different
from the women who live in ancient times, because she still cannot get happiness.
(a-2, v-5, p-2, ss-2, wf-1)
What effects will it bring if people marry someone who they do not love, and have age problem?
When two people live together, communication is important, because both of them will understand each
other through communication. Then they can face and solve problems together and their life will be happy.
If two people get marry because of bad reasons, they do not know how to communicate with each other.
They will feel unhappy in the family and will want to get free from their own family. According to story “The
Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin, there is a woman who has a bad marriage, she marries someone she
does not love and they may have age problem. There is no communication between two different age
people when they live together, because with a couple who has age problem, both of them will have
different opinions and have argues when they have a problem. So if two people marry who do not love and
have age problem, they will feel bored and will want to escape from their life.
Marriage should not be tool to making money or getting higher status, it a union of two loving
people.
(a-5, v-4, p-2, wf-1)
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